Banks ready for jumbo loan switch

How big a deal is the upcoming cutback in mortgage limits for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal
Housing Administration? Will buyers and sellers who depend on jumbo-sized loans find themselves in a
financing squeeze after Oct. 1, when the limits plunge in key markets around the country?

Housing and realty lobbies are pushing hard on Capitol Hill for a continuation of the $729,750 high-cost
area maximum, but one industry is delighted by the prospect and is gearing up to fill the gap.

From small community banks to megabanks, the message is the same: Bring on the switch to lower
limits. We plan to expand our jumbo loan business wherever market demand requires. There will be no
financing squeeze for anyone who needs a mortgage too big for Fannie, Freddie or FHA, provided the
applicant is creditworthy and has enough of a down payment.

Congress raised the conventional and FHA limits during the economic crisis in order to ensure access
to capital for buyers and refinancers. Those limits are scheduled to adjust downward Oct. 1, unless
lawmakers agree to an extension — a move that would run counter to calls from Republicans and the
Obama administration to reduce the federal footprint in the mortgage arena.

Federal guarantees support loans purchased, securitized or insured by Fannie, Freddie and FHA, putting
taxpayers’ dollars at risk in the event of foreclosures. Fannie and Freddie together have sopped up more
than $150 billion in direct taxpayer assistance since being placed in federal conservatorship three years
ago because of mounting losses from loan defaults.

On Oct. 1, the maximum loan at each of the three federal mortgage giants will fall to $625,500. Though
the upper-limit decline is only $104,250 below where it is today, some realty and business analysts
worry that buyers needing big mortgages — especially in California, New York, New England, Florida and
Washington, D.C. — will be forced to make much heftier down payments, pay higher interest rates or be
prevented from purchasing the house they want altogether.

Bankers say those worries are way overblown. Cam Fine, president and chief executive of the
Independent Community Bankers of America, said his 5,000-plus members plan to take up the slack
in the jumbo arena and have the financial capacity to do so. Community banks, which generally range
in size up to $20 billion in assets, “are very adept at creating products that fit the needs of customers,”
Fine said. (Note: correction appended).

Matt Vernon, national mortgage sales executive for Bank of America — the country’s largest by assets –
– said his institution has been aggressive in the jumbo segment for more than a year, and is planning to
pick up the pace even more in the coming months. Bank of America funded $4.1 billion in jumbos during
the first quarter of this year alone.

Meanwhile, interest rates on jumbos are near their lowest levels ever — in the 5 percent range for 30-
year fixed-rate loans, around 3 percent for some hybrid adjustables. Spreads between conventional-sized loans and jumbos have narrowed from between 200 to 250 basis points (2 percent to 2.5 percent)
three years ago to just above half a percentage point today. On loans of $400,000, Bank of America is
offering “5/1” adjustables at 3 percent plus 0.875 points. A 5/1 loan’s interest rate is fixed for the first
five years, then converts to a one-year adjustable. A 5/1 loan of $800,000 goes for 3.5 percent with
0.875 points. Other big banks have competitive rates of terms.

Noah Wilcox, CEO and vice chairman of Grand Rapids State Bank in Grand Rapids, Minn., said
community banks such as his can essentially tailor jumbo mortgages for individual customers because
they retain all the loans in their own investment portfolios.

“We’ve seen jumbos with 10 percent down payments” and other exceptional terms for clients, he said
in an interview. Based on the borrower’s income and assets and the value of the house, “if it makes
sense” his bank will try to do it — or at least consider it.

Bankers’ aggressive expansion plans and big promises notwithstanding, there are sobering realities that
homebuyers seeking jumbos are likely to confront when Fannie, Freddie and FHA no longer are in the
picture. Tops on the list: If you thought underwriting standards are strict already, be prepared for even
tougher evaluations by community and national banks.

Second, unlike at nondepository mortgage companies, banks prefer to do jumbos primarily — or solely
— for applicants who are their customers and have some sort of account established. So if you haven’t
deposited money or established some sort of relationship with the bank, don’t expect to see its best
deal.

Ken Harney is a syndicated real estate columnist.